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CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARD 10.6.1 | The Treaty of Versailles |
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Specific Objective: Analyze the aims and roles of world leaders in negotiating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles; Analyze the influence of Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points; Analyze the causes and effects of U.S. rejection of the League of Nations.
The Fourteen Points
During World War I, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson drew up a proposal for postwar peace that was known as the Fourteen Points. It included:
Negotiating the Treaty of Versailles
The Fourteen Points were the basis for talks that led to the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.
Terms of the Treaty
The United States Rejects the League of Nations
In November 1919, the U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles. The League of Nations was the main sticking point. Some Americans were concerned that membership in the League would diminish the right of the United States to make its own decisions. More importantly, the treaty required each member nation to support the boundaries of other member nations—a requirement that many feared could lead to U.S. involvement in future European wars.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1.U.S. president Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were
2.Which statement best summarizes the idea of national self-determination as it was presented in Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
3.The Big Four who negotiated the Treaty of Versailles represented France, Great Britain, the United States, and what other nation?
4. Which of the following did the Treaty of Versailles require of Germany?
5.The main purpose of the League of Nations was to
6. What is the main reason that Americans rejected the League of Nations?
CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARD 10.6.2 | Europe After World War I> |
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Specific Objective: Describe the effects of World War I and resulting terms of peace on population shifts, world economy, and political borders in Europe and the Middle East.
Read the maps and the summary
The Treaty of Versailles was only one of a number of treaties negotiated at the end of World War I. The treaties resulted in new national boundaries and new countries.
As the maps show, the postwar treaties carved up old empires into many small new nations, causing huge land losses for the Central Powers and changing the face of Europe.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1.Who lost the greatest percentage of land in the creation of new nations?
2.Which nation was formed from the former lands of the Ottoman Empire?
3. Which formerly dissolved nation was reconstituted on the Eastern Front?
4 . In what region of Europe were the new nations of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania created?
5. After World War I, Serbia became part of
6.After national boundaries were redrawn, which of the Central Powers lost access to the sea?
CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARD 10.6.3 | Postwar Disillusionment in Europe |
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Specific Objective: Understand the widespread disillusionment with prewar institutions, authorities, and values that resulted in a void that was later filled by totalitarians.
Read the summary and cluster diagram
World War I shook the economic and political foundations of Europe. The war left nearly every major nation bankrupt and, after centuries of rule by kings, brought an end to the continent’s last great empires.
The diagram shows some of the troubles facing postwar Europe. In several countries, these troubles paved the way for the rise of totalitarian government—a government which takes total control over nearly every aspect of people’s lives.
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
1.Which statement best describes national economies in Europe after World War I?
2. By the end of World War I, what political tradition had essentially ended in Europe?
3. Which generalization is true of political life in postwar Europe?
Use the quotation to answer questions 4 and 5.
“It is the State which educates its citizens in civic virtue, gives them a consciousness of their mission, and welds them into unity.” —Benito Mussolini, from The Social and Political Doctrines of Contemporary Europe, edited by Michael Oakeshott
4. In the quotation, what post-World War I problem is Italian dictator Benito Mussolini most likely addressing?
5 .In the quotation, what is most central to Mussolini’s solution to political turmoil?
CALIFORNIA CONTENT STANDARD 10.6.4 | Artists in the West After World War I |
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Specific Objective: Discuss the influence of World War I on literature, art, and intellectual life in the West (e.g., Pablo Picasso, the “lost generation” of writers).
Read the summary and the chart
The years after World War I brought an outpouring of creative work. Many artists and thinkers felt cynical about the past, and sought new means of expressing themselves. Some composers experimented with harsh combinations of sounds; some painters explored the idea that things are not what they seem. Many of these means of expression had emerged around the turn of the century, but the war accelerated their development.
The term “lost generation” describes a group of American writers in Paris after the war, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Gertrude Stein. Their writing sometimes conveyed a sense of loss and meaninglessness. The term “lost generation” is also used in a general way to describe those who grew up during the war, saw the old ideals fail, and had to work to find new meaning in an unstable world.
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Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
Use the quotation to answer questions 1 and 2.
In the post-World War I novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, a young soldier named Paul says of the older generation:
“The idea of authority, which they represented, was associated in our minds with a greater insight and a more humane wisdom. But the first death we saw shattered this belief.”
—from All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque
1. What common post-World War I literary theme is characterized by Paul in the quotation from All Quiet on the Western Front?
2. Which emotion best describes both Paul’s words in the quotation, and “lost generation” literature in general?
3. After World War I, many artists, architects, writers, and musicians rejected
4. What project would likely be chosen by a European architect, such as Le Corbusier or Gropius, after World War I?
5.The “lost generation” of writers who gathered in Paris were considered “lost” because